Beak of the Week – Crested Caracara

The Crested Caracara is a large tropical falcon and the only member of the caracara group to reach the United States. Caracaras are members of a neotropical group with several species ranging from Central to South America. The Crested Caracara stands out as an odd member of the falcon family, as they are very different from “true” falcons. They are rather large, with a wingspan of about four feet, a body length of 22 inches, and long legs. They are quite striking, with white wingtips, a white tail and neck, and blackish body. They have large bills and a large, bare area of facial skin that can even change color! Juveniles are brown instead of black, with pinkish toned facial skin. These birds are mostly silent, but when disturbed, they make a hollow rattling sound that sounds like running a stick along a fence. They throw their heads back and lift their bills in the sky when giving this call.

Crested Caracaras nest and forage in open areas year-round, and can be found in grasslands, deserts, rangelands, and agricultural fields. Crested Caracaras usually build a nest in the tallest tree or structure available. They are the only falcon that collects material to build a nest. An average clutch size typically comprises of one to four eggs. Crested Caracaras prefer carrion, but also eat live prey including insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals. They are resourceful foragers and will eat almost anything they can find. They often join vultures feeding on carrion, where they wait for them to open large carcasses before feeding, as Crested Caracaras cannot open them on their own.

Crested Caracaras regularly walk or run on the ground and take a running start to fly. They keep territories year-round and are not social with birds other than their mate during breeding season. Pairs form year-round bonds with each other and stay together for several years. Pairs and family groups frequently preen each other, a behavior known as allopreening. Crested Caracaras also return to the same nest site year after year.

Crested Caracaras are non-migratory and range year-round from South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. As stated previously, their range extends to the United States, where they can be found mostly in Texas, Arizona, and Florida. They are permanent residents to this region, including the High Island and Bolivar Peninsula area. You are likely to find them anywhere there are open fields or grasslands. The salt marsh fields in our Bolivar Flats sanctuary can be a good place to spot them, so keep an eye out when you visit!